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Prehistoric:
PALAEOLITHIC 60000-15000 B.C. Karain/Yarımburgaz/Beldibi/Yarımburgaz Hunter-Gatherer Life
MESOLITHIC
M.Ö. 15.000-12.000/11.000 Cave Paintings Semi-Sedentary / Producer Life
NEOLITHIC 11000-5500 B.C. Göbeklitepe/Nevali Çori/Halan Çemi Çayönü/Hacılar/Çatalhöyük Yumuktepe/Canhasan Sedentary Life-Domestication of Animals and Plants
CHALCOLITHIC 5500/5200-3000 B.C. Hacılar/Beycesultan/Canhasan/Fikirtepe Common ceramic usage/cemeteries/house complexes
HISTORICAL PERIODS: Bronze 3000-1000 B.C. Aslantepe/Alacahöyük/Troy V-I. Potter’s wheel, developments in cities, painted pottery improvement, burial practices, and burial gifts Old Assyrian Trade Colonies and entrance of writing to Anatolia Boğazköy (Hattusa) /Alişar/Kültepe Hatti, 2500-2000 B.C. Hurrians, 1800-1270 B.C.
Hittite Period, 1750-1180 B.C. From City States to Political Unity 1800-1700 B.C. Early Period/1750-1450 Old Kingdom/1450-1180 B.C. Empire Period 1269 B.C. Qadesh Treaty First Written Peace Treaty between the Egyptians and the Hittites
Dark Ages ?? 1180-750 B.C. (Thracian Migrations) Neo-Hittite Period, 1200-700 B.C. Urartian Kingdom, 900-580 B.C. Phrygian Kingdom, 750-300 B.C. Lydian Kingdom 700-546 Lycia, M.Ö. 600-300 Invention of Coins by the Lydians
EASTERN INVADERS: Persian Occupation 546-334 B.C. Battle of Issos 333 B.C.
WESTERN INVADERS ARCHAIC 1050-600/ CLASSICAL 600-334 Alexander the Great and His Followers (HELLENISTIC) 323-30 B.C. Back to City States
ROMAN PERIOD 30 B.C.- 395 A.D. Christianity in Anatolia Council of Nicea (İznik) 325 A.D.
EAST ROMAN (BYZANTINE) PERIOD 395-1453 A.D. 726-843 Iconoclastic Period 673-678/716 Arabic Sieges of Istanbul Anatolia meets Islamic Culture 1204-1261 Latin Occupation
TURKS IN ANATOLIA 1071 Battle of Mankizert After the Battle of Mankizert the Turkish incomers set up settlements in the 11th century A.D. The first capital city was Nicea
The Crusades / The Second Capital Konya
First Turkic States of the 12th Century: Danişmentliler/Artuklular Mengücekliler/Saltuklular
ANADOLIAN SELJUK STATE 1071-1308 Change in the City Structures New architectural forms, and tolerance Turkish-Islam Culture in Anatolia Mongolian Occupation 1243-1308
Anatolia in 14th Century AD – The Turkic Beyliks (Feudal States) Karamanoğulları Akkoyunlular Ertenalılar Karakoyunlular Hamidoğulları Candaroğulları Germiyanoğulları Aydınoğulları Menteşeoğulları Dulkadiroğulları Ramazanoğulları Osmanoğulları
Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey and Importance of Turkish (1277)
OTTOMAN EMPIRE 1299-1923 A.D. From a small beylik to a World Empire – a long Period of Tolerance
Early Period 1299-1481 From Gallipoli to Europe, 1353 TAMERLANE IN ANATOLIA Fetret Period (1402-1413) Conquest of Istanbul 1453 Ottoman Capital Cities 1326 BURSA, 1365 EDİRNE, 1453 İSTANBUL
Classical Period The Golden Age for the Ottoman Culture : 16th Century The TANZİMAT 1839 First step to Citizenship 1st Constitutional Monarchy 1877-1908
The Independence War 1919-1922 First Anti-Imperialist War Lausanne Treaty 1923
REPUBLIC OF TURKEY 29th October 1923 -
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“Civilization is a so powerful fire that burns and ruins who is unconcerned about it.”
Mustafa Kemal ATATÜRK
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Tour Photos | Home | Anatolian History in Brief |
Onur Ertürk
Professional Tour Guide - Archaeologist
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