Prehistoric:

PALAEOLITHIC

60000-15000 B.C.

Karain/Yarımburgaz/Beldibi/Yarımburgaz

Hunter-Gatherer Life

MESOLITHIC

M.Ö. 15.000-12.000/11.000
Tekeköy/Belbaşı/Beldibi

Cave Paintings

Semi-Sedentary / Producer Life

NEOLITHIC

11000-5500 B.C.

Göbeklitepe/Nevali Çori/Halan Çemi

Çayönü/Hacılar/Çatalhöyük

Yumuktepe/Canhasan

Sedentary Life-Domestication of Animals and Plants

CHALCOLITHIC

5500/5200-3000 B.C.

Hacılar/Beycesultan/Canhasan/Fikirtepe

Common ceramic usage/cemeteries/house complexes

HISTORICAL PERIODS:

Bronze

3000-1000 B.C.

Aslantepe/Alacahöyük/Troy V-I.

Potter’s wheel, developments in cities, painted pottery improvement, burial practices, and burial gifts

Old Assyrian Trade Colonies and entrance of writing to Anatolia

Boğazköy (Hattusa) /Alişar/Kültepe

 Hatti, 2500-2000 B.C.

 Hurrians, 1800-1270 B.C.

Hittite Period, 1750-1180 B.C.

From City States to Political Unity

1800-1700 B.C. Early Period/1750-1450 Old Kingdom/1450-1180 B.C. Empire Period

1269 B.C. Qadesh Treaty

First Written Peace Treaty between the Egyptians and the Hittites

Dark Ages ??

1180-750 B.C.

(Thracian Migrations)

Neo-Hittite Period, 1200-700 B.C.

Urartian Kingdom, 900-580 B.C.

Phrygian Kingdom, 750-300 B.C.

Lydian Kingdom 700-546

Lycia, M.Ö. 600-300

Invention of Coins by the Lydians

EASTERN INVADERS:

Persian Occupation

546-334 B.C.

Battle of Issos 333 B.C.

WESTERN INVADERS

ARCHAIC 1050-600/ CLASSICAL 600-334

Alexander the Great and His Followers

(HELLENISTIC)

323-30 B.C.

Back to City States

ROMAN PERIOD

30 B.C.- 395 A.D.

Christianity in Anatolia

Council of Nicea (İznik) 325 A.D.

EAST ROMAN (BYZANTINE) PERIOD

395-1453 A.D.

726-843 Iconoclastic Period

673-678/716 Arabic Sieges of Istanbul

Anatolia meets Islamic Culture

1204-1261 Latin Occupation

TURKS IN ANATOLIA

1071 Battle of Mankizert

After the Battle of Mankizert the Turkish incomers set up settlements in the 11th century A.D. The first capital city was Nicea

The Crusades / The Second Capital Konya

First Turkic States of the 12th Century:

Danişmentliler/Artuklular

Mengücekliler/Saltuklular

ANADOLIAN SELJUK STATE

1071-1308

Change in the City Structures

New architectural forms, and tolerance Turkish-Islam Culture in Anatolia

Mongolian Occupation

1243-1308

Anatolia in 14th Century AD – The Turkic Beyliks (Feudal States)

Karamanoğulları Akkoyunlular

Ertenalılar Karakoyunlular

Hamidoğulları

Candaroğulları

Germiyanoğulları

Aydınoğulları

Menteşeoğulları

Dulkadiroğulları

Ramazanoğulları

Osmanoğulları

Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey and Importance of Turkish (1277)

OTTOMAN EMPIRE

1299-1923 A.D.

From a small beylik to a World Empire – a long Period of Tolerance

Early Period 1299-1481

From Gallipoli to Europe, 1353

TAMERLANE IN ANATOLIA

Fetret Period (1402-1413)

Conquest of Istanbul 1453

Ottoman Capital Cities 1326 BURSA, 1365 EDİRNE, 1453 İSTANBUL

Classical Period

The Golden Age for the Ottoman Culture : 16th Century

The TANZİMAT 1839

First step to Citizenship

1st Constitutional Monarchy 1877-1908

The Independence War 1919-1922

First Anti-Imperialist War

Lausanne Treaty 1923

REPUBLIC OF TURKEY

29th October 1923 -